A Comparative Study of the Core Teachings of Islam and Hinduism in Indonesia
An Analysis of the Qur'an, Hadith, and Vedas
Keywords:
Comparative, Teachings, Islam, HinduismAbstract
Objective - This study aims to analyze and compare the principal teachings of Islam and Hinduism, focusing on theological concepts derived from their respective sacred texts: the Qur’an and Hadith in Islam, and the Vedas in Hinduism. The research seeks to explore similarities and differences between the two religions, particularly in relation to the concept of divinity, prophethood, moral accountability, and eschatological beliefs.
Design/Method - The research employs a qualitative approach using comparative analysis. Primary data sources include the Qur’an, Hadith, and the Vedas, which are examined through a textual and thematic interpretation. Secondary literature on Islamic and Hindu theology is also utilized to provide contextual understanding. The comparative framework is applied to identify parallel ideas and doctrinal distinctions between the two religious traditions.
Findings - The study finds that, despite distinct theological frameworks, there are notable similarities between Islam and Hinduism. Both religions affirm the existence of a supreme reality: Islam upholds the oneness of Allah, while Hinduism recognizes the Trimurti as divine manifestations within the cosmic order. Both also acknowledge the concept of divine guidance, with Islam emphasizing prophethood and Hinduism recognizing enlightened beings or sages as recipients of spiritual knowledge. Furthermore, both traditions emphasize moral accountability: Islam teaches paradise and hell as the final consequences of human deeds, whereas Hinduism emphasizes samsara (reincarnation) and karmic retribution until spiritual liberation (moksha) is achieved. Lastly, both religions share eschatological beliefs, with Islam envisioning a singular Day of Judgment, while Hinduism perceives cosmic dissolution (pralaya) as a recurring cyclical event.
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