APC

Publication Fees:
This journal does not charge any fees for the submission, publication, or open-access process (USD 0 = Free).

All accepted manuscripts are freely accessible to readers at no cost, in line with our commitment to supporting inclusive and sustainable knowledge dissemination.

Article Withdrawal:
A fee of USD 50 (Fifty US Dollars) will be charged to the author(s) if a manuscript is withdrawn after entering the peer-review process or beyond, except for manuscripts retracted according to the provisions stated in Retraction & Correction.

This policy is in place due to the author's disregard for the publishing process.