Retraction and Correction Policy

Our journal is committed to upholding the integrity and accuracy of scholarly literature. If significant errors, plagiarism, duplication, or ethical violations are identified in published articles, the editorial team will review and take action based on the following policies:

1. Retraction:

   • Applied in cases of fatal errors, academic misconduct, or ethical breaches that compromise the validity of the research.

   • Retracted articles remain accessible with a "RETRACTED" watermark and a clear explanation for the retraction.

2. Correction:

   • Minor errors that do not affect the main conclusions will be corrected via an official notice detailing the changes.

   • The corrected version will be marked with a separate DOI or version history.

This process follows COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics) guidelines to ensure transparency and accountability.